Региональные снижения ОСО: 2025–2026

Всемирный поиск по наблюдениям · замороженная TCOscope против CAMS и GFS · 9 октября 2026

Главное сравнение

Среднее RMSE отдельных эпизодов, DU. Каждый эпизод имеет равный вес; затем усредняются его ошибки T+1…T+5. Меньше — лучше. Станционные строки относятся только к подмножеству эпизодов со станциями; число эпизодов указано явно. Это не процент «точности» и не глобальный RMSE всех ячеек.

Количество эпизодов, где RMSE TCOscope меньше baseline:

Где и когда найдены события

Наземная проверка и пропуски

Brewer и Dobson рассматриваются отдельно, без замены отсутствующих станций спутниковыми значениями. Дополнительно сохранены строгая direct-sun выборка и результаты с равными весами станций внутри эпизода. Станции вне прямоугольника события не добавлялись для увеличения выборки.

Отдельная подвыборка с наземными станциями: 11 эпизодов

Основной поиск часто выбирает океаны и Арктику. Чтобы дополнительно проверить приборы в обоих годах, до просмотра ошибок выделена отдельная выборка из тех же кандидатов: минимум три дня наземных наблюдений в окне и хотя бы один день внутри дефицита. Цель — три события на год/тип прибора, где это возможно. Этот отбор зависит от наличия станций; он не смешан с 42 эпизодами основной выборки.

Устойчивость сравнения

Δ = среднее RMSE TCOscope − baseline; отрицательное значение лучше для TCOscope. Парный bootstrap: 2000 повторов по связанным группам событий (до 10 дней и 4000 км). При менее 8 группах интервал не выдаётся. Интервалы исследовательские, условны на выбранном каталоге и не исправлены за множественные сравнения.

Протокол поиска

1. Норма строится отдельно для каждого прибора и прямоугольника: наблюдаемые региональные средние за 2021–2024 в окне ±15 календарных суток. Не менее 60 наблюдённых дней и трёх лет; считается среднее и 10-й перцентиль. Это короткая историческая база, а не климатическая норма WMO.
2. Одновременно у TROPOMI и OMPS: снижение ≥25 DU и ≥8% относительно собственной нормы, ниже собственного 10-го перцентиля, минимум два последовательных дня. В каждом дне наблюдается ≥75% области. Пропуски не соединяются. Эпизоды длиннее 14 суток и не ограниченные наблюдениями с обеих сторон исключены.
3. До расчёта ошибок фиксируются максимум три сильнейших эпизода на квартал и полушарие. Повторные центры одного явления в пределах 2500 км и 10 дней исключаются. Семидневное окно оценки — пик ±3 дня. Каталог подписан SHA256. Станции и ошибки прогнозов не влияют на отбор.
4. Вся таблица кандидатов сохранена, включая исключённые из-за отсутствия входов. Март 2025 восстановлен. Поиск до 24 сентября 2026; полные входы модели до 19 сентября. Успешно оцениваемые окна отмечены в eligibility.csv. Сравнение 2025/2026 не означает изменение качества модели во времени: состав сезонов и событий отличается.
5. Сетка 1.2°; только реальные спутниковые наблюдения, ≥50% исходного покрытия ячейки. Для scores требуется ≥75% области. Для каждого reference все пять прогнозов имеют одинаковую маску. GFS/CAMS: 00 UTC, +24…120 часов против суточных наблюдений. На станции CAMS используется с родной сетки, GFS — с общей 1.2°.
6. Наземные daily values: 50–700 DU, медиана station/date/instrument; direct-sun только DS/0. Это не полная ревизия исходных приборных QC. Нет коррекции смещения по оценочным данным. Для некоторых соседних дней окна недостаточно исторических данных для нормы; абсолютные ошибки ОСО сохраняются, классификация дефицита не выдаётся. Эти пропуски перечислены в detection_reference_gaps.csv.
7. Climatology baseline — прежний сохранённый месячный артефакт модели; он отличается от сезонных норм, использованных только для обнаружения событий. Все веса модели неизменны. История OFFL может использовать будущие дни для заполнения пропусков; одинаковая фактическая доступность входов не доказана.
8. Отбор по двум спутникам условен на их данных. TROPOMI связан с обучением модели. Межспутниковая проверка не гарантирует независимость от ассимиляции CAMS. Для причинной атрибуции дефицита нужны отдельные поля динамики/химии.

Контекст определения региональных мини-дыр: NASA Ozone Watch, исследование структуры мини-дыр. Приведённые численные критерии — заранее заданный протокол этой проверки, не универсальное определение из этих источников.

Отдельные эпизоды

2025-02-15 · -55°, -110° · 2025_Q1_SH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	24.95	20.77	-2.34	24.84	0.23	0.14	0.32
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	36.93	31.62	29.78	21.84	0.37	-0.28	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	23.12	19.57	1.82	23.05	0.31	0.20	0.37
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	28.95	24.64	4.75	28.56	-0.07	0.00	0.22
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	20.26	17.04	10.82	17.13	0.67	0.30	0.45
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	20.24	15.60	-7.57	18.77	0.44	0.15	0.33
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	30.26	26.77	24.55	17.69	0.48	-0.28	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	17.60	13.66	-3.41	17.27	0.51	0.26	0.42
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	23.71	19.01	-0.48	23.70	0.08	0.00	0.22
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	10.02	8.00	5.59	8.32	0.90	0.58	0.67

2025-02-19 · 70°, -70° · 2025_Q1_NH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4730	31.35	26.65	-4.55	31.02	0.52	0.50	0.69
OMPS	Climatology	7	4730	102.25	95.00	95.00	37.80	0.02	-0.63	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4730	37.05	29.14	13.19	34.62	0.40	0.41	0.64
OMPS	Persistence	7	4730	62.88	56.31	5.74	62.61	-0.49	0.00	0.39
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4730	41.43	34.33	13.20	39.27	0.11	0.34	0.59
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	18.90	15.17	2.03	18.79	0.78	0.65	0.82
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	103.58	98.91	98.91	30.78	0.15	-0.92	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	28.93	23.76	19.26	21.59	0.70	0.46	0.72
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	53.95	46.48	12.89	52.39	-0.24	0.00	0.48
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	31.59	26.20	18.80	25.39	0.54	0.41	0.70

2025-02-25 · 60°, 90° · 2025_Q1_NH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4480	34.76	27.65	20.10	28.36	0.70	0.57	0.70
OMPS	Climatology	7	4480	115.15	111.40	111.40	29.14	0.17	-0.43	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4480	39.41	31.53	29.48	26.16	0.69	0.51	0.66
OMPS	Persistence	7	4480	80.61	66.72	62.67	50.69	0.11	0.00	0.30
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4480	44.21	36.59	35.57	26.24	0.73	0.45	0.62
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	13.70	10.36	-4.47	12.95	0.95	0.78	0.86
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	94.80	86.85	86.83	38.05	0.17	-0.51	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	14.34	11.13	4.91	13.48	0.94	0.77	0.85
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	62.77	50.22	38.11	49.87	0.29	0.00	0.34
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	16.61	13.45	11.01	12.44	0.95	0.74	0.82

2025-03-08 · -45°, -30° · 2025_Q1_SH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5040	18.17	13.31	-4.97	17.47	0.40	0.27	0.38
OMPS	Climatology	7	5040	29.44	25.85	23.08	18.27	0.05	-0.18	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5040	17.36	12.96	-1.46	17.30	0.46	0.30	0.41
OMPS	Persistence	7	5040	24.90	20.09	2.22	24.80	-0.13	0.00	0.15
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5040	17.03	14.13	5.59	16.08	0.53	0.32	0.42
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5040	12.36	9.07	-5.56	11.04	0.68	0.39	0.54
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5040	26.81	23.87	22.49	14.58	0.22	-0.32	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5040	10.87	8.31	-2.05	10.68	0.73	0.46	0.59
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5040	20.28	16.25	1.64	20.21	0.06	0.00	0.24
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5040	9.90	8.28	5.01	8.54	0.83	0.51	0.63

2025-03-18 · 60°, 10° · 2025_Q1_NH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
Brewer	CAMS	7	70	19.61	15.73	-4.82	19.01	0.43	0.25	0.82
Brewer	Climatology	7	70	106.25	105.02	105.02	16.11	0.46	-3.07	0.00
Brewer	GFS	7	70	24.12	18.65	14.70	19.12	0.32	0.08	0.77
Brewer	Persistence	7	70	26.10	22.37	7.54	24.99	0.02	0.00	0.75
Brewer	TCOscope	7	70	20.68	16.52	10.78	17.65	0.54	0.21	0.81
Dobson	CAMS	3	15	17.80	13.16	3.35	17.49	0.10	0.36	0.84
Dobson	Climatology	3	15	108.11	107.25	107.25	13.60	—	-2.88	0.00
Dobson	GFS	3	15	22.70	19.19	16.26	15.84	0.03	0.18	0.79
Dobson	Persistence	3	15	27.83	24.35	12.60	24.82	-0.22	0.00	0.74
Dobson	TCOscope	3	15	20.74	18.30	17.06	11.79	0.72	0.26	0.81
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	23.50	18.96	-1.62	23.44	0.13	0.25	0.80
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	119.39	118.01	118.01	18.09	-0.04	-2.82	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	30.59	25.11	20.92	22.33	0.16	0.02	0.74
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	31.26	25.28	14.46	27.72	-0.03	0.00	0.74
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	24.20	18.86	13.92	19.80	0.36	0.23	0.80
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	19.72	16.13	-8.76	17.67	0.56	0.34	0.82
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	112.65	110.87	110.87	19.96	0.01	-2.75	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	23.70	18.92	13.77	19.28	0.45	0.21	0.79
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	30.07	25.04	7.32	29.17	-0.04	0.00	0.73
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	18.12	13.93	6.77	16.81	0.59	0.40	0.84

2025-03-23 · -55°, -70° · 2025_Q1_SH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
Dobson	CAMS	6	30	23.32	19.30	10.93	20.60	0.78	0.54	0.36
Dobson	Climatology	6	30	36.39	30.83	16.81	32.28	—	0.29	0.00
Dobson	GFS	6	30	27.10	22.39	15.46	22.26	0.75	0.47	0.26
Dobson	Persistence	6	30	51.20	40.50	30.96	40.77	0.14	0.00	-0.41
Dobson	TCOscope	6	30	19.16	15.65	13.22	13.87	0.91	0.63	0.47
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	40.38	32.40	3.69	40.21	0.12	0.27	-0.16
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	34.91	29.46	19.92	28.66	0.23	0.37	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	42.41	32.98	9.01	41.45	0.06	0.23	-0.22
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	55.28	46.42	31.58	45.37	-0.15	0.00	-0.58
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	33.71	24.60	11.84	31.57	0.35	0.39	0.03
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	27.86	23.70	-9.59	26.16	0.66	0.39	0.13
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	32.01	28.18	6.64	31.31	0.21	0.30	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	26.80	22.00	-4.27	26.46	0.65	0.41	0.16
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	45.55	36.97	18.30	41.71	0.11	0.00	-0.42
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	13.91	10.84	-1.44	13.84	0.91	0.69	0.57

2025-04-01 · 60°, 10° · 2025_Q2_NH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
Brewer	CAMS	7	65	25.91	21.80	-8.26	24.56	0.73	0.40	0.38
Brewer	Climatology	7	65	42.10	38.66	26.05	33.08	0.09	0.02	0.00
Brewer	GFS	7	65	22.23	18.88	6.31	21.32	0.77	0.48	0.47
Brewer	Persistence	7	65	43.15	35.25	-16.37	39.92	0.06	0.00	-0.02
Brewer	TCOscope	7	65	21.03	16.96	8.89	19.06	0.83	0.51	0.50
Dobson	CAMS	2	10	12.58	11.63	-8.96	8.83	0.98	0.77	0.70
Dobson	Climatology	2	10	41.55	41.00	-6.76	41.00	—	0.23	0.00
Dobson	GFS	2	10	4.57	3.67	-1.89	4.16	1.00	0.92	0.89
Dobson	Persistence	2	10	54.19	45.36	-27.76	46.54	-0.01	0.00	-0.30
Dobson	TCOscope	2	10	27.27	24.41	24.41	12.15	0.98	0.50	0.34
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	45.17	37.61	-9.81	44.09	0.24	0.16	0.19
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	55.78	46.66	40.37	38.50	0.00	-0.04	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	39.58	32.30	3.65	39.41	0.38	0.26	0.29
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	53.47	44.23	-4.86	53.25	-0.06	0.00	0.04
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	30.50	25.38	2.98	30.35	0.63	0.43	0.45
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	27.75	23.07	-15.85	22.78	0.79	0.50	0.42
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	48.17	39.90	34.34	33.78	0.45	0.13	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	19.16	14.97	-2.38	19.01	0.85	0.65	0.60
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	55.11	46.08	-10.89	54.02	-0.14	0.00	-0.14
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	19.24	14.70	-3.06	19.00	0.85	0.65	0.60

2025-04-08 · 70°, -90° · 2025_Q2_NH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
Brewer	CAMS	5	25	27.29	20.72	9.51	25.58	0.82	0.63	0.38
Brewer	Climatology	5	25	43.68	41.68	0.81	43.67	—	0.40	0.00
Brewer	GFS	5	25	32.23	26.60	21.31	24.18	0.84	0.56	0.26
Brewer	Persistence	5	25	73.38	60.51	39.06	62.12	-0.10	0.00	-0.68
Brewer	TCOscope	5	25	20.15	15.51	11.55	16.52	0.94	0.73	0.54
OMPS	CAMS	7	5040	58.31	51.02	-8.57	57.67	-0.00	0.30	-0.40
OMPS	Climatology	7	5040	41.71	34.36	13.94	39.31	-0.01	0.50	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5040	56.31	49.09	7.86	55.76	0.04	0.33	-0.35
OMPS	Persistence	7	5040	83.63	74.27	35.92	75.53	-0.48	0.00	-1.01
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5040	37.67	31.62	10.31	36.23	0.50	0.55	0.10
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5040	30.25	24.50	-11.66	27.91	0.76	0.56	0.24
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5040	39.90	33.73	10.85	38.40	0.02	0.42	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5040	26.56	21.86	4.77	26.13	0.79	0.61	0.33
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5040	68.54	58.23	32.83	60.16	0.05	0.00	-0.72
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5040	16.62	13.13	7.22	14.97	0.93	0.76	0.58

2025-04-12 · 40°, -50° · 2025_Q2_NH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	30.34	21.40	-5.22	29.89	0.14	0.38	0.36
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	47.50	44.10	40.98	24.02	0.37	0.03	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	30.41	22.33	3.15	30.24	0.21	0.38	0.36
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	48.93	35.99	16.88	45.93	-0.15	0.00	-0.03
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	29.27	21.68	6.36	28.57	0.36	0.40	0.38
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5330	24.43	15.30	-11.32	21.65	0.52	0.46	0.41
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5330	41.12	38.75	34.86	21.80	0.44	0.09	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5330	19.75	12.49	-2.96	19.53	0.65	0.56	0.52
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5330	44.95	30.56	10.81	43.63	-0.08	0.00	-0.09
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5330	10.24	7.47	0.15	10.23	0.91	0.77	0.75

2025-05-23 · -55°, 90° · 2025_Q2_SH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4420	45.73	39.28	7.86	45.04	0.40	0.36	0.20
OMPS	Climatology	7	4420	56.84	47.97	44.94	34.81	0.13	0.20	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4420	47.90	40.70	10.45	46.74	0.41	0.33	0.16
OMPS	Persistence	7	4420	71.10	60.80	39.00	59.46	-0.28	0.00	-0.25
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4420	34.74	26.78	13.96	31.81	0.62	0.51	0.39
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	20.03	17.44	-6.08	19.08	0.91	0.65	0.58
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	47.14	39.68	31.01	35.50	0.16	0.18	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	20.56	18.11	-3.53	20.26	0.93	0.64	0.56
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	57.27	47.05	24.83	51.61	0.05	0.00	-0.21
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	9.66	7.58	0.02	9.66	0.97	0.83	0.80

2025-06-07 · -45°, -150° · 2025_Q2_SH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5040	28.02	22.87	3.28	27.83	-0.09	0.54	0.51
OMPS	Climatology	7	5040	56.67	53.35	53.29	19.27	-0.07	0.06	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5040	29.64	23.71	3.61	29.42	-0.07	0.51	0.48
OMPS	Persistence	7	5040	60.40	48.75	36.96	47.77	-0.55	0.00	-0.07
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5040	31.30	25.89	20.32	23.81	0.16	0.48	0.45
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5040	13.70	11.33	-8.96	10.37	0.84	0.69	0.69
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5040	44.13	41.15	41.05	16.21	0.12	0.00	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5040	14.15	11.89	-8.63	11.21	0.86	0.68	0.68
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5040	44.35	34.23	24.72	36.83	0.12	0.00	-0.00
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5040	11.04	9.23	8.08	7.53	0.91	0.75	0.75

2025-06-15 · -45°, -30° · 2025_Q2_SH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5040	43.63	32.54	16.07	40.56	0.44	0.45	0.16
OMPS	Climatology	7	5040	52.14	48.22	43.06	29.40	0.02	0.35	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5040	44.07	31.71	14.76	41.53	0.44	0.45	0.15
OMPS	Persistence	7	5040	79.72	65.81	54.27	58.39	-0.10	0.00	-0.53
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5040	30.74	24.33	17.59	25.21	0.67	0.61	0.41
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5040	27.08	20.46	-3.90	26.80	0.81	0.60	0.44
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5040	48.71	44.43	23.09	42.89	0.11	0.28	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5040	28.09	20.66	-5.21	27.60	0.81	0.58	0.42
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5040	67.44	53.40	34.31	58.06	0.18	0.00	-0.38
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5040	17.94	12.02	-2.38	17.78	0.93	0.73	0.63

2025-07-26 · 60°, -170° · 2025_Q3_NH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	21.57	18.31	3.55	21.27	0.16	0.46	0.58
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	51.65	49.50	49.50	14.72	0.12	-0.30	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	23.05	18.39	8.93	21.25	0.16	0.42	0.55
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	39.58	32.46	25.42	30.34	-0.25	0.00	0.23
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	21.26	16.92	14.75	15.31	0.33	0.46	0.59
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	12.13	10.00	-2.09	11.95	0.75	0.60	0.74
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	46.12	43.86	43.86	14.28	0.04	-0.52	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	12.82	9.69	3.28	12.40	0.73	0.58	0.72
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	30.39	24.30	19.77	23.09	0.31	0.00	0.34
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	12.57	10.09	9.10	8.67	0.77	0.59	0.73

2025-08-26 · 70°, -10° · 2025_Q3_NH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	13.80	11.36	-7.95	11.27	0.54	0.30	0.72
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	48.97	47.25	47.25	12.86	0.23	-1.48	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	12.40	10.29	-1.31	12.34	0.45	0.37	0.75
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	19.77	16.41	4.72	19.20	-0.20	0.00	0.60
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	13.89	11.32	6.65	12.20	0.46	0.30	0.72
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	11.27	9.72	-8.63	7.25	0.69	0.27	0.76
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	47.43	46.57	46.57	8.96	0.28	-2.09	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	8.56	6.56	-1.99	8.33	0.61	0.44	0.82
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	15.37	12.09	4.04	14.83	-0.01	0.00	0.68
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	9.77	7.72	5.97	7.74	0.66	0.36	0.79

2025-08-31 · -55°, -50° · 2025_Q3_SH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	72.64	50.19	31.72	65.35	0.50	0.33	-0.04
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	69.73	64.56	30.35	62.78	0.23	0.36	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	73.18	52.32	35.84	63.81	0.47	0.33	-0.05
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	109.16	89.52	69.15	84.47	0.06	0.00	-0.57
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	61.09	43.11	30.35	53.02	0.64	0.44	0.12
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	42.75	30.85	9.46	41.69	0.81	0.54	0.37
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	68.30	62.89	8.09	67.82	0.16	0.27	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	43.33	32.50	13.58	41.15	0.80	0.54	0.37
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	93.73	72.87	46.89	81.16	0.19	0.00	-0.37
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	19.96	15.22	8.09	18.25	0.97	0.79	0.71

2025-09-17 · 60°, -110° · 2025_Q3_NH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	17.10	14.07	-0.92	17.07	0.04	0.06	0.59
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	41.24	39.01	38.94	13.60	0.12	-1.26	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	18.14	14.38	2.69	17.94	-0.09	0.01	0.56
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	18.25	14.86	8.81	15.98	0.13	0.00	0.56
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	18.04	14.96	10.77	14.47	0.16	0.01	0.56
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	13.36	10.52	-5.28	12.28	0.45	0.17	0.64
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	36.77	34.58	34.58	12.50	0.10	-1.29	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	14.45	11.78	-1.67	14.35	0.23	0.10	0.61
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	16.05	12.77	4.46	15.42	0.09	0.00	0.56
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	11.55	9.51	6.42	9.60	0.63	0.28	0.69

2025-09-17 · -55°, -50° · 2025_Q3_SH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	42.23	36.19	-0.87	42.22	0.27	0.39	0.35
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	65.12	57.99	56.30	32.72	0.46	0.06	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	43.91	35.94	18.80	39.68	0.27	0.37	0.33
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	69.60	58.09	35.85	59.65	0.06	0.00	-0.07
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	28.05	22.22	12.53	25.09	0.74	0.60	0.57
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	24.10	19.32	-6.65	23.17	0.77	0.57	0.59
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	58.68	50.81	50.52	29.86	0.52	-0.05	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	26.97	21.34	13.02	23.62	0.73	0.52	0.54
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	55.65	46.09	30.07	46.82	0.42	0.00	0.05
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	17.64	13.72	6.74	16.30	0.88	0.68	0.70

2025-09-22 · -55°, -10° · 2025_Q3_SH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	48.56	37.71	-10.46	47.42	0.45	0.29	0.44
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	86.93	75.31	74.68	44.48	0.40	-0.27	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	50.83	46.00	10.53	49.72	0.34	0.26	0.42
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	68.40	60.97	6.65	68.07	-0.07	0.00	0.21
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	31.80	26.32	7.19	30.98	0.77	0.54	0.63
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	30.52	21.42	-10.96	28.48	0.79	0.47	0.64
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	84.22	75.45	74.19	39.88	0.49	-0.47	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	33.12	27.35	10.03	31.56	0.73	0.42	0.61
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	57.31	47.31	6.15	56.98	0.20	0.00	0.32
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	21.05	16.63	6.69	19.96	0.91	0.63	0.75

2025-10-11 · -55°, -50° · 2025_Q4_SH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4755	37.07	27.58	-8.68	36.03	0.76	0.45	0.55
OMPS	Climatology	7	4755	82.19	70.80	64.58	50.84	0.44	-0.23	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4755	39.25	27.88	5.40	38.88	0.71	0.41	0.52
OMPS	Persistence	7	4755	67.04	55.67	-6.75	66.70	0.13	0.00	0.18
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4755	25.40	20.35	16.08	19.66	0.94	0.62	0.69
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	41.21	33.57	-17.43	37.35	0.75	0.40	0.46
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	75.96	64.73	55.78	51.56	0.47	-0.11	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	40.35	31.36	-3.36	40.21	0.70	0.41	0.47
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	68.67	56.95	-15.55	66.89	0.15	0.00	0.10
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	21.18	17.08	7.29	19.88	0.94	0.69	0.72

2025-11-08 · -55°, -70° · 2025_Q4_SH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
Dobson	CAMS	7	35	47.71	35.05	-1.48	47.69	0.43	0.33	0.14
Dobson	Climatology	7	35	55.63	38.62	34.07	43.98	—	0.22	0.00
Dobson	GFS	7	35	38.80	27.76	-0.91	38.79	0.57	0.46	0.30
Dobson	Persistence	7	35	71.56	61.86	36.38	61.63	0.24	0.00	-0.29
Dobson	TCOscope	7	35	24.29	16.38	7.39	23.14	0.86	0.66	0.56
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	39.91	30.92	-4.35	39.68	0.57	0.40	0.23
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	51.72	35.78	30.14	42.03	0.30	0.23	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	36.25	27.18	-1.20	36.23	0.62	0.46	0.30
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	66.78	55.49	32.04	58.59	0.24	0.00	-0.29
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	22.36	14.72	5.60	21.65	0.87	0.67	0.57
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4695	42.74	34.99	-10.38	41.46	0.53	0.34	0.11
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4695	47.87	34.32	22.84	42.08	0.33	0.26	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4695	38.77	31.18	-7.38	38.06	0.58	0.40	0.19
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4695	64.60	53.74	25.02	59.55	0.22	0.00	-0.35
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4695	22.87	16.91	-0.93	22.85	0.86	0.65	0.52

2025-11-15 · -55°, -30° · 2025_Q4_SH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4480	35.75	29.85	-14.42	32.72	0.57	0.22	0.21
OMPS	Climatology	7	4480	45.51	38.02	31.33	33.01	0.40	0.01	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4480	32.10	24.68	-6.75	31.38	0.55	0.30	0.29
OMPS	Persistence	7	4480	45.95	36.76	-14.38	43.65	0.26	0.00	-0.01
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4480	16.76	13.27	-0.96	16.73	0.88	0.64	0.63
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	40.15	35.06	-21.63	33.83	0.57	0.19	0.05
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	42.37	36.03	24.12	34.83	0.41	0.15	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	35.49	29.23	-13.96	32.63	0.55	0.28	0.16
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	49.61	40.27	-21.59	44.66	0.26	0.00	-0.17
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	19.44	15.22	-8.17	17.64	0.89	0.61	0.54

2025-11-19 · 60°, -30° · 2025_Q4_NH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
Dobson	CAMS	7	35	20.40	17.91	17.60	10.31	0.81	0.41	0.71
Dobson	Climatology	7	35	70.53	68.34	68.34	17.46	—	-1.04	0.00
Dobson	GFS	7	35	23.16	19.69	18.91	13.37	0.65	0.33	0.67
Dobson	Persistence	7	35	34.64	28.41	25.58	23.36	0.13	0.00	0.51
Dobson	TCOscope	7	35	27.18	22.96	22.53	15.21	0.53	0.22	0.61
OMPS	CAMS	7	4365	15.22	12.38	0.52	15.21	0.66	0.49	0.75
OMPS	Climatology	7	4365	60.99	57.98	57.97	18.95	0.18	-1.04	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4365	15.97	13.15	2.71	15.74	0.62	0.46	0.74
OMPS	Persistence	7	4365	29.83	24.22	11.31	27.60	-0.02	0.00	0.51
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4365	15.15	12.85	11.27	10.13	0.85	0.49	0.75
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4465	16.16	12.10	-7.05	14.55	0.68	0.41	0.70
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4465	53.23	50.21	49.99	18.28	0.23	-0.94	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4465	15.45	11.87	-4.95	14.64	0.66	0.44	0.71
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4465	27.51	22.07	3.33	27.30	-0.03	0.00	0.48
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4465	9.85	8.15	3.78	9.10	0.88	0.64	0.81

2025-11-26 · 50°, 90° · 2025_Q4_NH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5040	13.02	10.18	2.76	12.73	0.89	0.65	0.74
OMPS	Climatology	7	5040	50.26	43.64	42.53	26.79	0.25	-0.36	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5040	19.30	14.20	9.50	16.81	0.81	0.48	0.62
OMPS	Persistence	7	5040	37.00	31.24	9.47	35.77	-0.14	0.00	0.26
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5040	19.71	16.52	15.11	12.65	0.90	0.47	0.61
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5040	14.12	11.51	-6.68	12.44	0.89	0.60	0.67
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5040	42.27	35.93	33.09	26.30	0.30	-0.20	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5040	16.45	12.73	0.06	16.45	0.82	0.53	0.61
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5040	35.13	28.71	0.03	35.13	-0.11	0.00	0.17
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5040	13.72	10.87	5.67	12.49	0.90	0.61	0.68

2025-12-04 · 60°, 30° · 2025_Q4_NH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	3535	15.66	12.55	-4.42	15.02	0.81	0.54	0.62
OMPS	Climatology	7	3535	41.04	34.79	32.75	24.73	0.12	-0.19	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	3535	16.47	12.87	2.87	16.22	0.79	0.52	0.60
OMPS	Persistence	7	3535	34.39	28.89	7.50	33.56	0.02	0.00	0.16
OMPS	TCOscope	7	3535	19.41	16.49	10.79	16.13	0.82	0.44	0.53
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	16.80	13.32	-8.03	14.76	0.82	0.51	0.55
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	37.01	30.12	27.51	24.76	0.20	-0.09	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	16.18	12.56	-0.81	16.16	0.80	0.52	0.56
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	33.96	28.60	2.99	33.83	0.01	0.00	0.08
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	17.63	15.14	5.64	16.70	0.79	0.48	0.52

2026-01-03 · -55°, -90° · 2026_Q1_SH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4480	18.22	14.47	5.02	17.51	0.66	0.49	0.31
OMPS	Climatology	7	4480	26.32	22.66	18.73	18.49	0.43	0.26	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4480	18.31	15.10	7.53	16.69	0.64	0.49	0.30
OMPS	Persistence	7	4480	35.65	29.77	14.40	32.61	-0.10	0.00	-0.35
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4480	15.53	12.69	10.48	11.46	0.83	0.56	0.41
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	18.12	14.10	-2.48	17.95	0.66	0.47	0.20
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	22.70	19.92	11.23	19.73	0.45	0.34	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	17.32	14.12	0.03	17.32	0.65	0.49	0.24
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	34.21	28.81	6.91	33.51	-0.09	0.00	-0.51
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	12.19	10.01	2.98	11.82	0.85	0.64	0.46

2026-02-02 · 60°, -90° · 2026_Q1_NH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4480	31.37	24.56	-5.55	30.87	0.32	0.10	0.61
OMPS	Climatology	7	4480	80.96	74.83	74.64	31.35	-0.12	-1.31	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4480	33.74	26.69	11.98	31.54	0.28	0.04	0.58
OMPS	Persistence	7	4480	35.00	28.67	7.42	34.21	0.08	0.00	0.57
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4480	27.83	22.44	15.76	22.93	0.54	0.20	0.66
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	33.61	26.57	-14.42	30.36	0.30	-0.02	0.53
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	72.24	65.95	65.77	29.87	-0.11	-1.18	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	31.22	24.24	3.11	31.07	0.25	0.06	0.57
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	33.08	26.41	-1.45	33.05	0.08	0.00	0.54
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	22.45	17.65	6.90	21.37	0.56	0.32	0.69

2026-02-07 · 50°, 90° · 2026_Q1_NH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5040	15.66	11.66	-2.89	15.39	0.87	0.71	0.76
OMPS	Climatology	7	5040	66.22	59.10	58.37	31.27	-0.18	-0.24	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5040	22.59	19.61	15.27	16.66	0.84	0.58	0.66
OMPS	Persistence	7	5040	53.49	44.32	33.80	41.46	0.22	0.00	0.19
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5040	17.67	13.67	8.40	15.54	0.85	0.67	0.73
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5040	19.88	15.53	-12.52	15.44	0.87	0.59	0.66
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5040	58.05	50.59	48.74	31.52	-0.15	-0.20	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5040	17.77	14.24	5.64	16.85	0.84	0.63	0.69
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5040	48.47	39.19	24.18	42.01	0.21	0.00	0.16
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5040	15.08	12.37	-1.23	15.03	0.87	0.69	0.74

2026-03-25 · 40°, -110° · 2026_Q1_NH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	16.90	12.91	1.15	16.86	0.54	0.37	0.75
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	67.66	64.84	64.84	19.34	0.27	-1.54	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	20.42	14.86	5.96	19.53	0.43	0.23	0.70
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	26.62	21.07	13.05	23.20	0.12	0.00	0.61
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	15.34	11.78	9.29	12.20	0.76	0.42	0.77
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	17.38	14.16	-6.99	15.91	0.59	0.27	0.71
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	59.91	56.70	56.70	19.33	0.28	-1.52	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	18.81	14.84	-2.17	18.69	0.48	0.21	0.69
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	23.73	18.94	4.91	23.21	0.13	0.00	0.60
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	11.23	8.46	1.16	11.17	0.80	0.53	0.81

2026-03-26 · -45°, -130° · 2026_Q1_SH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	14.75	12.02	5.43	13.71	0.57	0.41	0.66
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	43.42	40.93	40.92	14.51	0.31	-0.74	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	15.63	12.76	8.01	13.42	0.54	0.37	0.64
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	24.93	20.19	15.06	19.86	0.24	0.00	0.43
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	15.72	12.75	10.54	11.66	0.64	0.37	0.64
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	12.14	9.65	-0.75	12.12	0.66	0.40	0.68
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	37.49	34.77	34.75	14.06	0.29	-0.84	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	12.75	10.31	1.84	12.62	0.57	0.37	0.66
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	20.34	16.20	8.89	18.29	0.34	0.00	0.46
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	11.36	8.92	4.37	10.49	0.69	0.44	0.70

2026-03-31 · -45°, -50° · 2026_Q1_SH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	13.83	10.16	-0.60	13.82	0.76	0.59	0.51
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	28.42	24.15	19.19	20.97	0.09	0.16	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	15.63	11.89	2.37	15.45	0.69	0.54	0.45
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	33.84	28.16	10.69	32.10	-0.16	0.00	-0.19
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	13.07	11.02	6.31	11.44	0.86	0.61	0.54
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	15.94	11.95	-5.70	14.89	0.73	0.52	0.37
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	25.40	21.57	14.10	21.13	0.09	0.23	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	16.68	12.76	-2.73	16.46	0.65	0.50	0.34
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	33.19	27.61	5.60	32.72	-0.20	0.00	-0.31
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	11.36	9.19	1.21	11.29	0.87	0.66	0.55

2026-04-02 · 60°, 150° · 2026_Q2_NH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4480	17.46	13.82	-9.48	14.66	0.94	0.68	0.60
OMPS	Climatology	7	4480	43.69	34.75	11.16	42.24	0.27	0.19	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4480	17.80	13.46	1.48	17.73	0.92	0.67	0.59
OMPS	Persistence	7	4480	54.09	42.81	9.24	53.30	0.04	0.00	-0.24
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4480	30.26	24.27	21.06	21.73	0.89	0.44	0.31
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	21.61	18.24	-15.67	14.88	0.94	0.60	0.50
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	43.03	34.03	4.97	42.74	0.25	0.21	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	18.92	14.86	-4.70	18.33	0.92	0.65	0.56
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	54.42	42.84	3.05	54.33	0.01	0.00	-0.26
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	26.45	21.02	14.87	21.87	0.89	0.51	0.39

2026-04-13 · 50°, -170° · 2026_Q2_NH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5280	28.70	22.47	-6.98	27.84	0.46	0.28	0.50
OMPS	Climatology	7	5280	57.15	51.90	51.47	24.85	0.50	-0.44	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5280	24.65	19.43	2.32	24.54	0.54	0.38	0.57
OMPS	Persistence	7	5280	39.80	30.83	6.72	39.23	0.07	0.00	0.30
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5280	23.22	17.71	12.41	19.63	0.76	0.42	0.59
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	25.40	20.12	-10.77	23.00	0.59	0.30	0.52
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	52.52	48.17	47.74	21.89	0.53	-0.44	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	19.71	15.40	-1.38	19.66	0.66	0.46	0.62
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	36.50	28.27	3.27	36.35	0.13	0.00	0.31
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	18.41	14.38	8.88	16.13	0.83	0.50	0.65

2026-04-14 · -55°, -150° · 2026_Q2_SH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4480	21.46	18.14	0.37	21.46	0.53	0.56	0.55
OMPS	Climatology	7	4480	47.67	42.33	41.78	22.96	-0.11	0.03	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4480	23.39	19.70	0.79	23.38	0.47	0.53	0.51
OMPS	Persistence	7	4480	49.33	42.65	27.71	40.81	-0.32	0.00	-0.03
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4480	20.02	16.82	12.30	15.80	0.69	0.59	0.58
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	13.31	11.21	-8.68	10.10	0.89	0.65	0.66
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	39.04	33.81	32.73	21.28	0.11	-0.02	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	14.09	12.09	-8.25	11.43	0.87	0.63	0.64
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	38.16	31.89	18.67	33.28	0.12	0.00	0.02
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	8.87	7.09	3.25	8.25	0.94	0.77	0.77

2026-06-06 · -55°, 50° · 2026_Q2_SH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4210	18.52	14.93	-0.69	18.51	0.88	0.68	0.59
OMPS	Climatology	7	4210	45.63	39.11	26.22	37.34	0.10	0.20	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4210	19.16	15.22	2.14	19.04	0.87	0.66	0.58
OMPS	Persistence	7	4210	57.01	46.12	25.74	50.87	-0.02	0.00	-0.25
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4210	14.25	11.20	6.00	12.93	0.95	0.75	0.69
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	21.46	16.40	-10.63	18.65	0.87	0.57	0.43
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	37.80	31.64	16.03	34.23	0.16	0.24	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	20.72	15.71	-7.89	19.16	0.86	0.58	0.45
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	49.69	40.42	14.85	47.42	0.03	0.00	-0.31
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	11.98	9.16	-4.30	11.19	0.95	0.76	0.68

2026-06-16 · 70°, -50° · 2026_Q2_NH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	17.66	13.31	-7.79	15.85	0.72	0.59	0.40
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	29.56	25.58	19.02	22.63	-0.05	0.31	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	14.66	11.45	1.25	14.60	0.75	0.66	0.50
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	42.99	36.92	17.02	39.48	-0.21	0.00	-0.45
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	12.44	9.89	6.04	10.87	0.88	0.71	0.58
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	15.69	12.09	-9.55	12.44	0.81	0.61	0.41
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	26.64	22.74	17.26	20.29	-0.00	0.33	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	11.78	8.89	-0.51	11.76	0.82	0.70	0.56
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	39.71	33.91	15.26	36.66	-0.13	0.00	-0.49
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	10.15	7.70	4.27	9.21	0.89	0.74	0.62

2026-06-19 · -45°, 10° · 2026_Q2_SH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	25.63	21.03	-8.45	24.20	0.60	0.47	0.36
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	40.19	32.92	27.35	29.46	0.13	0.16	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	27.01	21.55	-4.65	26.61	0.50	0.44	0.33
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	48.07	38.79	18.17	44.50	-0.13	0.00	-0.20
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	14.45	11.73	5.68	13.29	0.92	0.70	0.64
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	30.58	23.93	-18.00	24.72	0.56	0.32	0.09
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	33.73	26.88	17.79	28.66	0.17	0.25	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	30.66	23.76	-14.21	27.16	0.45	0.32	0.09
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	45.13	36.19	8.61	44.30	-0.14	0.00	-0.34
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	13.54	10.49	-3.87	12.98	0.92	0.70	0.60

2026-08-13 · -55°, 30° · 2026_Q3_SH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4480	24.29	18.41	-0.48	24.29	0.50	0.53	0.68
OMPS	Climatology	7	4480	75.89	70.90	69.66	30.11	-0.09	-0.46	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4480	23.89	18.24	5.54	23.24	0.53	0.54	0.69
OMPS	Persistence	7	4480	52.14	41.20	23.80	46.39	-0.21	0.00	0.31
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4480	20.19	16.94	8.84	18.15	0.69	0.61	0.73
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4480	25.07	19.33	-7.78	23.83	0.50	0.48	0.63
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4480	68.39	63.47	62.36	28.07	0.01	-0.42	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4480	23.10	17.46	-1.77	23.03	0.52	0.52	0.66
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4480	48.29	38.55	16.50	45.38	-0.19	0.00	0.29
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4480	16.63	13.49	1.53	16.56	0.73	0.66	0.76

2026-08-17 · 70°, -130° · 2026_Q3_NH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	14.62	11.81	-4.63	13.86	0.58	0.39	0.50
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	29.46	26.14	25.71	14.39	0.40	-0.24	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	14.31	11.76	3.79	13.80	0.59	0.40	0.51
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	23.79	19.27	13.02	19.91	0.23	0.00	0.19
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	11.62	8.94	6.82	9.41	0.78	0.51	0.61
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	15.01	11.90	-8.02	12.69	0.61	0.27	0.41
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	25.49	22.70	22.31	12.32	0.49	-0.23	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	12.60	10.13	0.40	12.60	0.62	0.39	0.51
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	20.69	16.85	9.62	18.32	0.28	0.00	0.19
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	8.02	6.30	3.43	7.25	0.83	0.61	0.69

2026-09-05 · 70°, -50° · 2026_Q3_NH_3

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	5355	16.93	13.48	-9.18	14.23	0.66	0.25	0.33
OMPS	Climatology	7	5355	25.39	22.67	17.80	18.11	0.25	-0.12	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	5355	15.20	11.83	0.88	15.17	0.62	0.33	0.40
OMPS	Persistence	7	5355	22.58	18.43	5.52	21.89	0.18	0.00	0.11
OMPS	TCOscope	7	5355	12.65	10.54	8.16	9.68	0.85	0.44	0.50
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	5355	19.64	16.29	-15.08	12.57	0.73	0.09	0.05
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	5355	20.75	18.91	11.89	17.00	0.34	0.04	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	5355	15.22	11.73	-5.02	14.37	0.65	0.30	0.27
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	5355	21.68	16.94	-0.38	21.67	0.17	0.00	-0.04
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	5355	9.13	7.16	2.25	8.84	0.87	0.58	0.56

2026-09-07 · -55°, 70° · 2026_Q3_SH_2

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	28.62	23.63	1.73	28.57	0.76	0.51	0.64
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	79.17	69.57	69.52	37.88	0.47	-0.37	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	29.08	24.71	4.27	28.76	0.74	0.50	0.63
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	57.94	46.99	14.51	56.09	0.05	0.00	0.27
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	17.16	13.92	10.39	13.65	0.95	0.70	0.78
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	30.64	25.51	-9.92	28.99	0.76	0.46	0.56
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	69.69	58.35	57.88	38.82	0.50	-0.23	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	30.20	24.84	-7.38	29.29	0.74	0.47	0.57
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	56.50	46.20	2.86	56.43	0.07	0.00	0.19
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	14.12	11.30	-1.25	14.07	0.95	0.75	0.80

2026-09-08 · -55°, 110° · 2026_Q3_SH_1

source	system	n_dates	n	rmse	mae	bias	centered_rmse	pearson	skill_persistence	skill_climatology
OMPS	CAMS	7	4760	21.46	16.43	-1.54	21.41	0.85	0.64	0.73
OMPS	Climatology	7	4760	78.77	69.54	69.53	37.01	0.36	-0.33	0.00
OMPS	GFS	7	4760	20.59	16.19	3.59	20.28	0.86	0.65	0.74
OMPS	Persistence	7	4760	59.05	47.99	14.89	57.15	-0.05	0.00	0.25
OMPS	TCOscope	7	4760	14.36	11.60	6.42	12.84	0.95	0.76	0.82
TROPOMI	CAMS	7	4760	27.05	22.04	-15.95	21.85	0.84	0.52	0.59
TROPOMI	Climatology	7	4760	66.10	56.31	55.13	36.47	0.43	-0.18	0.00
TROPOMI	GFS	7	4760	23.21	18.93	-10.81	20.54	0.85	0.59	0.65
TROPOMI	Persistence	7	4760	56.17	46.22	0.48	56.16	-0.01	0.00	0.15
TROPOMI	TCOscope	7	4760	14.92	12.03	-7.98	12.61	0.95	0.73	0.77